xlsx
Parser and writer for various spreadsheet formats. Pure-JS cleanroom
implementation from official specifications, related documents, and test files.
Emphasis on parsing and writing robustness, cross-format feature compatibility
with a unified JS representation, and ES3/ES5 browser compatibility back to IE6.
File format support for known spreadsheet data formats:
Format | Read | Write |
---|
Excel Worksheet/Workbook Formats | :-----: | :-----: |
Excel 2007+ XML Formats (XLSX/XLSM) | :o: | :o: |
Excel 2007+ Binary Format (XLSB BIFF12) | :o: | :o: |
Excel 2003-2004 XML Format (XML "SpreadsheetML") | :o: | |
Excel 97-2004 (XLS BIFF8) | :o: | |
Excel 5.0/95 (XLS BIFF5) | :o: | |
Excel 4.0 (XLS/XLW BIFF4) | :o: | |
Excel 3.0 (XLS BIFF3) | :o: | |
Excel 2.0/2.1 (XLS BIFF2) | :o: | :o: |
Excel Supported Text Formats | :-----: | :-----: |
Delimiter-Separated Values (CSV/TSV/DSV) | | :o: |
Other Workbook/Worksheet Formats | :-----: | :-----: |
OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS) | :o: | :o: |
Flat XML ODF Spreadsheet (FODS) | :o: | :o: |
Uniform Office Format Spreadsheet (标文通 UOS1/UOS2) | :o: | |
Other Common Spreadsheet Output Formats | :-----: | :-----: |
HTML Tables | :o: | |
Demo: http://oss.sheetjs.com/js-xlsx
Source: http://git.io/xlsx
Paid support available through the reinforcements program
Installation
With npm:
$ npm install xlsx
In the browser:
<script lang="javascript" src="dist/xlsx.core.min.js"></script>
With bower:
$ bower install js-xlsx
CDNjs automatically pulls the latest version and makes all versions available at
http://cdnjs.com/libraries/xlsx
Optional Modules
The node version automatically requires modules for additional features. Some
of these modules are rather large in size and are only needed in special
circumstances, so they do not ship with the core. For browser use, they must
be included directly:
<script src="dist/cpexcel.js"></script>
<script src="dist/ods.js"></script>
An appropriate version for each dependency is included in the dist/ directory.
The complete single-file version is generated at dist/xlsx.full.min.js
JS Ecosystem Demos
The demos
directory includes sample projects for:
ECMAScript 5 Compatibility
Since xlsx.js uses ES5 functions like Array#forEach
, older browsers require
Polyfills. This repo and the gh-pages branch include
a shim
To use the shim, add the shim before the script tag that loads xlsx.js:
<script type="text/javascript" src="/path/to/shim.js"></script>
Parsing Workbooks
For parsing, the first step is to read the file. This involves acquiring the
data and feeding it into the library. Here are a few common scenarios:
if(typeof require !== 'undefined') XLSX = require('xlsx');
var workbook = XLSX.readFile('test.xlsx');
var url = "test_files/formula_stress_test_ajax.xlsx";
var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
oReq.open("GET", url, true);
oReq.responseType = "arraybuffer";
oReq.onload = function(e) {
var arraybuffer = oReq.response;
var data = new Uint8Array(arraybuffer);
var arr = new Array();
for(var i = 0; i != data.length; ++i) arr[i] = String.fromCharCode(data[i]);
var bstr = arr.join("");
var workbook = XLSX.read(bstr, {type:"binary"});
}
oReq.send();
- HTML5 drag-and-drop using readAsBinaryString or readAsArrayBuffer:
note: readAsBinaryString and readAsArrayBuffer may not be available in every
browser. Use dynamic feature tests to determine which method to use.
function fixdata(data) {
var o = "", l = 0, w = 10240;
for(; l<data.byteLength/w; ++l) o+=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,new Uint8Array(data.slice(l*w,l*w+w)));
o+=String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(data.slice(l*w)));
return o;
}
var rABS = true;
function handleDrop(e) {
e.stopPropagation();
e.preventDefault();
var files = e.dataTransfer.files;
var i,f;
for (i = 0; i != files.length; ++i) {
f = files[i];
var reader = new FileReader();
var name = f.name;
reader.onload = function(e) {
var data = e.target.result;
var workbook;
if(rABS) {
workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type: 'binary'});
} else {
var arr = fixdata(data);
workbook = XLSX.read(btoa(arr), {type: 'base64'});
}
};
if(rABS) reader.readAsBinaryString(f);
else reader.readAsArrayBuffer(f);
}
}
drop_dom_element.addEventListener('drop', handleDrop, false);
- HTML5 input file element using readAsBinaryString or readAsArrayBuffer:
function handleFile(e) {
var files = e.target.files;
var i,f;
for (i = 0; i != files.length; ++i) {
f = files[i];
var reader = new FileReader();
var name = f.name;
reader.onload = function(e) {
var data = e.target.result;
var workbook;
if(rABS) {
workbook = XLSX.read(data, {type: 'binary'});
} else {
var arr = fixdata(data);
workbook = XLSX.read(btoa(arr), {type: 'base64'});
}
};
reader.readAsBinaryString(f);
}
}
input_dom_element.addEventListener('change', handleFile, false);
Working with the Workbook
The full object format is described later in this README.
This example extracts the value stored in cell A1 from the first worksheet:
var first_sheet_name = workbook.SheetNames[0];
var address_of_cell = 'A1';
var worksheet = workbook.Sheets[first_sheet_name];
var desired_cell = worksheet[address_of_cell];
var desired_value = desired_cell.v;
This example iterates through every nonempty of every sheet and dumps values:
var sheet_name_list = workbook.SheetNames;
sheet_name_list.forEach(function(y) {
var worksheet = workbook.Sheets[y];
for (var z in worksheet) {
if(z[0] === '!') continue;
console.log(y + "!" + z + "=" + JSON.stringify(worksheet[z].v));
}
});
Complete examples:
Note that older versions of IE do not support HTML5 File API, so the base64 mode
is used for testing. On OSX you can get the base64 encoding with:
$ <target_file base64 | pbcopy
On Windows XP and up you can get the base64 encoding using certutil
:
> certutil -encode target_file target_file.b64
(note: You have to open the file and remove the header and footer lines)
The node version installs a command line tool xlsx
which can read spreadsheet
files and output the contents in various formats. The source is available at
xlsx.njs
in the bin directory.
Some helper functions in XLSX.utils
generate different views of the sheets:
XLSX.utils.sheet_to_csv
generates CSVXLSX.utils.sheet_to_json
generates an array of objectsXLSX.utils.sheet_to_formulae
generates a list of formulae
Writing Workbooks
For writing, the first step is to generate output data. The helper functions
write
and writeFile
will produce the data in various formats suitable for
dissemination. The second step is to actual share the data with the end point.
Assuming workbook
is a workbook object:
XLSX.writeFile(workbook, 'out.xlsx');
- browser generate binary blob and "download" to client
(using FileSaver.js for download):
var wopts = { bookType:'xlsx', bookSST:false, type:'binary' };
var wbout = XLSX.write(workbook,wopts);
function s2ab(s) {
var buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length);
var view = new Uint8Array(buf);
for (var i=0; i!=s.length; ++i) view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF;
return buf;
}
saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)],{type:"application/octet-stream"}), "test.xlsx");
Complete examples:
Interface
XLSX
is the exposed variable in the browser and the exported node variable
XLSX.version
is the version of the library (added by the build script).
XLSX.SSF
is an embedded version of the format library.
Parsing functions
XLSX.read(data, read_opts)
attempts to parse data
.
XLSX.readFile(filename, read_opts)
attempts to read filename
and parse.
Writing functions
XLSX.write(wb, write_opts)
attempts to write the workbook wb
XLSX.writeFile(wb, filename, write_opts)
attempts to write wb
to filename
Utilities
Utilities are available in the XLSX.utils
object:
Exporting:
sheet_to_json
converts a worksheet object to an array of JSON objects.
sheet_to_row_object_array
is an alias that will be removed in the future.sheet_to_csv
generates delimiter-separated-values output.sheet_to_formulae
generates a list of the formulae (with value fallbacks).
The sheet_to_*
functions accept a worksheet and an optional options object.
Cell and cell address manipulation:
format_cell
generates the text value for a cell (using number formats){en,de}code_{row,col}
convert between 0-indexed rows/cols and A1 forms.{en,de}code_cell
converts cell addresses{en,de}code_range
converts cell ranges
Workbook / Worksheet / Cell Object Description
js-xlsx conforms to the Common Spreadsheet Format (CSF):
General Structures
Cell address objects are stored as {c:C, r:R}
where C
and R
are 0-indexed
column and row numbers, respectively. For example, the cell address B5
is
represented by the object {c:1, r:4}
.
Cell range objects are stored as {s:S, e:E}
where S
is the first cell and
E
is the last cell in the range. The ranges are inclusive. For example, the
range A3:B7
is represented by the object {s:{c:0, r:2}, e:{c:1, r:6}}
. Utils
use the following pattern to walk each of the cells in a range:
for(var R = range.s.r; R <= range.e.r; ++R) {
for(var C = range.s.c; C <= range.e.c; ++C) {
var cell_address = {c:C, r:R};
}
}
Cell Object
Key | Description |
---|
v | raw value (see Data Types section for more info) |
w | formatted text (if applicable) |
t | cell type: b Boolean, n Number, e error, s String, d Date |
f | cell formula encoded as an A1-style string (if applicable) |
F | range of enclosing array if formula is array formula (if applicable) |
r | rich text encoding (if applicable) |
h | HTML rendering of the rich text (if applicable) |
c | comments associated with the cell |
z | number format string associated with the cell (if requested) |
l | cell hyperlink object (.Target holds link, .tooltip is tooltip) |
s | the style/theme of the cell (if applicable) |
Built-in export utilities (such as the CSV exporter) will use the w
text if it
is available. To change a value, be sure to delete cell.w
(or set it to
undefined
) before attempting to export. The utilities will regenerate the w
text from the number format (cell.z
) and the raw value if possible.
The actual array formula is stored in the f
field of the first cell in the
array range. Other cells in the range will omit the f
field.
Data Types
The raw value is stored in the v
field, interpreted based on the t
field.
Type b
is the Boolean type. v
is interpreted according to JS truth tables
Type e
is the Error type. v
holds the number and w
holds the common name:
Value | Error Meaning |
---|
0x00 | #NULL! |
0x07 | #DIV/0! |
0x0F | #VALUE! |
0x17 | #REF! |
0x1D | #NAME? |
0x24 | #NUM! |
0x2A | #N/A |
0x2B | #GETTING_DATA |
Type n
is the Number type. This includes all forms of data that Excel stores
as numbers, such as dates/times and Boolean fields. Excel exclusively uses data
that can be fit in an IEEE754 floating point number, just like JS Number, so the
v
field holds the raw number. The w
field holds formatted text.
Type d
is the Date type, generated only when the option cellDates
is passed.
Since JSON does not have a natural Date type, parsers are generally expected to
store ISO 8601 Date strings like you would get from date.toISOString()
. On
the other hand, writers and exporters should be able to handle date strings and
JS Date objects. Note that Excel disregards timezone modifiers and treats all
dates in the local timezone. js-xlsx does not correct for this error.
Type s
is the String type. v
should be explicitly stored as a string to
avoid possible confusion.
Formulae
The A1-style formula string is stored in the f
field. Even though different
file formats store the formulae in different ways, the formats are converted.
Shared formulae are decompressed and each cell has the correct formula.
Array formulae are stored in the top-left cell of the array block. All cells
of an array formula have a F
field corresponding to the range. A single-cell
formula can be distinguished from a plain formula by the presence of F
field.
The sheet_to_formulae
method generates one line per formula or array formula.
Array formulae are rendered in the form range=formula
while plain cells are
rendered in the form cell=formula or value
.
Worksheet Object
Each key that does not start with !
maps to a cell (using A-1
notation)
worksheet[address]
returns the cell object for the specified address.
Special worksheet keys (accessible as worksheet[key]
, each starting with !
):
-
ws['!ref']
: A-1 based range representing the worksheet range. Functions that
work with sheets should use this parameter to determine the range. Cells that
are assigned outside of the range are not processed. In particular, when
writing a worksheet by hand, be sure to update the range. For a longer
discussion, see http://git.io/KIaNKQ
Functions that handle worksheets should test for the presence of !ref
field.
If the !ref
is omitted or is not a valid range, functions are free to treat
the sheet as empty or attempt to guess the range. The standard utilities that
ship with this library treat sheets as empty (for example, the CSV output is
empty string).
When reading a worksheet with the sheetRows
property set, the ref parameter
will use the restricted range. The original range is set at ws['!fullref']
-
ws['!cols']
: array of column properties objects. Column widths are actually
stored in files in a normalized manner, measured in terms of the "Maximum
Digit Width" (the largest width of the rendered digits 0-9, in pixels). When
parsed, the column objects store the pixel width in the wpx
field, character
width in the wch
field, and the maximum digit width in the MDW
field.
-
ws['!merges']
: array of range objects corresponding to the merged cells in
the worksheet. Plaintext utilities are unaware of merge cells. CSV export
will write all cells in the merge range if they exist, so be sure that only
the first cell (upper-left) in the range is set.
Workbook Object
workbook.SheetNames
is an ordered list of the sheets in the workbook
wb.Sheets[sheetname]
returns an object representing the worksheet.
wb.Props
is an object storing the standard properties. wb.Custprops
stores
custom properties. Since the XLS standard properties deviate from the XLSX
standard, XLS parsing stores core properties in both places. .
Parsing Options
The exported read
and readFile
functions accept an options argument:
Option Name | Default | Description |
---|
type | | Input data encoding (see Input Type below) |
cellFormula | true | Save formulae to the .f field ** |
cellHTML | true | Parse rich text and save HTML to the .h field |
cellNF | false | Save number format string to the .z field |
cellStyles | false | Save style/theme info to the .s field |
cellDates | false | Store dates as type d (default is n ) ** |
sheetStubs | false | Create cell objects for stub cells |
sheetRows | 0 | If >0, read the first sheetRows rows ** |
bookDeps | false | If true, parse calculation chains |
bookFiles | false | If true, add raw files to book object ** |
bookProps | false | If true, only parse enough to get book metadata ** |
bookSheets | false | If true, only parse enough to get the sheet names |
bookVBA | false | If true, expose vbaProject.bin to vbaraw field ** |
password | "" | If defined and file is encrypted, use password ** |
cellFormula
option only applies to formats that require extra processing to
parse formulae (XLS/XLSB).- Even if
cellNF
is false, formatted text will be generated and saved to .w
- In some cases, sheets may be parsed even if
bookSheets
is false. bookSheets
and bookProps
combine to give both sets of informationDeps
will be an empty object if bookDeps
is falsybookFiles
behavior depends on file type:
keys
array (paths in the ZIP) for ZIP-based formatsfiles
hash (mapping paths to objects representing the files) for ZIPcfb
object for formats using CFB containers
sheetRows-1
rows will be generated when looking at the JSON object output
(since the header row is counted as a row when parsing the data)bookVBA
merely exposes the raw vba object. It does not parse the data.cellDates
currently does not convert numerical dates to JS dates.- Currently only XOR encryption is supported. Unsupported error will be thrown
for files employing other encryption methods.
The defaults are enumerated in bits/84_defaults.js
Input Type
Strings can be interpreted in multiple ways. The type
parameter for read
tells the library how to parse the data argument:
type | expected input |
---|
"base64" | string: base64 encoding of the file |
"binary" | string: binary string (n -th byte is data.charCodeAt(n) ) |
"buffer" | nodejs Buffer |
"array" | array: array of 8-bit unsigned int (n -th byte is data[n] ) |
"file" | string: filename that will be read and processed (nodejs only) |
Guessing File Type
Excel and other spreadsheet tools read the first few bytes and apply other
heuristics to determine a file type. This enables file type punning: renaming
files with the .xls
extension will tell your computer to use Excel to open the
file but Excel will know how to handle it. This library applies similar logic:
Byte 0 | Raw File Type | Spreadsheet Types |
---|
0xD0 | CFB Container | BIFF 5/8 or password-protected XLSX/XLSB |
0x09 | BIFF Stream | BIFF 2/3/4/5 |
0x3C | XML/HTML | SpreadsheetML or Flat ODS or UOS1 or HTML |
0x50 | ZIP Archive | XLSB or XLSX/M or ODS or UOS2 |
0xFE | UTF8 Text | SpreadsheetML or Flat ODS or UOS1 |
Writing Options
The exported write
and writeFile
functions accept an options argument:
Option Name | Default | Description |
---|
type | | Output data encoding (see Output Type below) |
cellDates | false | Store dates as type d (default is n ) |
bookSST | false | Generate Shared String Table ** |
bookType | "xlsx" | Type of Workbook (see below for supported formats) |
sheet | "" | Name of Worksheet for single-sheet formats ** |
compression | false | Use ZIP compression for ZIP-based formats ** |
bookSST
is slower and more memory intensive, but has better compatibility
with older versions of iOS Numbers- The raw data is the only thing guaranteed to be saved. Formulae, formatting,
and other niceties may not be serialized (pending CSF standardization)
cellDates
only applies to XLSX output and is not guaranteed to work with
third-party readers. Excel itself does not usually write cells with type d
so non-Excel tools may ignore the data or blow up in the presence of dates.
Supported Output Formats
For broad compatibility with third-party tools, this library supports many
output formats. The specific file type is controlled with bookType
option:
bookType | file ext | container | sheets | Description |
---|
xlsx | .xlsx | ZIP | multi | Excel 2007+ XML Format |
xlsm | .xlsm | ZIP | multi | Excel 2007+ Macro XML Format |
xlsb | .xlsb | ZIP | multi | Excel 2007+ Binary Format |
ods | .ods | ZIP | multi | OpenDocument Spreadsheet |
biff2 | .xls | none | single | Excel 2.0 Worksheet format |
fods | .fods | none | multi | Flat OpenDocument Spreadsheet |
csv | .csv | none | single | Comma Separated Values |
compression
only applies to formats with ZIP containers.- Formats that only support a single sheet require a
sheet
option specifying
the worksheet. If the string is empty, the first worksheet is used.
Output Type
The type
argument for write
mirrors the type
argument for read
:
type | output |
---|
"base64" | string: base64 encoding of the file |
"binary" | string: binary string (n -th byte is data.charCodeAt(n) ) |
"buffer" | nodejs Buffer |
"file" | string: name of file to be written (nodejs only) |
File Formats
Despite the fact that the name of the library is xlsx
, it supports numerous
non-XLSX file formats:
Excel 2.0-95 (BIFF2/BIFF3/BIFF4/BIFF5)
BIFF 2/3 XLS are single-sheet streams of binary records. Excel 4 introduced
the concept of a workbook (XLW
files) but also had single-sheet XLS
format.
The structure is largely similar to the Lotus 1-2-3 file formats. BIFF5/8/12
extended the format in various ways but largely stuck to the same record format.
There is no official specification for any of these formats. Excel 95 can write
files in these formats, so record lengths and fields were backsolved by writing
in all of the supported formats and comparing files. Excel 2016 can generate
BIFF5 files, enabling a full suite of file tests starting from XLSX or BIFF2.
Excel 97-2004 Binary (BIFF8)
BIFF8 exclusively uses the Compound File Binary container format, splitting some
content into streams within the file. At its core, it still uses an extended
version of the binary record format from older versions of BIFF.
The MS-XLS
specification covers the basics of the file format, and other
specifications expand on serialization of features like properties.
Excel 2003-2004 (SpreadsheetML)
Predating XLSX, SpreadsheetML files are simple XML files. There is no official
and comprehensive specification, although MS has released whitepapers on the
format. Since Excel 2016 can generate SpreadsheetML files, backsolving is
pretty straightforward.
Excel 2007+ Binary (XLSB, BIFF12)
Introduced in parallel with XLSX, the XLSB filetype combines BIFF architecture
with the content separation and ZIP container of XLSX. For the most part nodes
in an XLSX sub-file can be mapped to XLSB records in a corresponding sub-file.
The MS-XLSB
specification covers the basics of the file format, and other
specifications expand on serialization of features like properties.
OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS/FODS) and Uniform Office Spreadsheet (UOS1/2)
ODS is an XML-in-ZIP format akin to XLSX while FODS is an XML format akin to
SpreadsheetML. Both are detailed in the OASIS standard, but tools like LO/OO
add undocumented extensions.
UOS is a very similar format, and it comes in 2 varieties corresponding to ODS
and FODS respectively. For the most part, the difference between the formats
lies in the names of tags and attributes.
Comma-Separated Values
Excel CSV deviates from RFC4180 in a number of important ways. The generated
CSV files should generally work in Excel although they may not work in RFC4180
compatible readers.
HTML
Excel HTML worksheets include special metadata encoded in styles. For example,
mso-number-format
is a localized string containing the number format. Despite
the metadata the output is valid HTML, although it does accept bare &
symbols.
Tested Environments
- NodeJS 0.8, 0.9, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 4.x, 5.x, 6.x, 7.x
- IE 6/7/8/9/10/11 (IE6-9 browsers require shims for interacting with client)
- Chrome 24+
- Safari 6+
- FF 18+
Tests utilize the mocha testing framework. Travis-CI and Sauce Labs links:
Test Files
Test files are housed in another repo.
Running make init
will refresh the test_files
submodule and get the files.
Testing
make test
will run the node-based tests. To run the in-browser tests, clone
the oss.sheetjs.com repo and
replace the xlsx.js file (then fire up the browser and go to stress.html
):
$ cp xlsx.js ../SheetJS.github.io
$ cd ../SheetJS.github.io
$ simplehttpserver
$ open -a Chromium.app http://localhost:8000/stress.html
For a much smaller test, run make test_misc
.
Contributing
Due to the precarious nature of the Open Specifications Promise, it is very
important to ensure code is cleanroom. Consult CONTRIBUTING.md
The xlsx.js file is constructed from the files in the bits
subdirectory. The
build script (run make
) will concatenate the individual bits to produce the
script. Before submitting a contribution, ensure that running make will produce
the xlsx.js file exactly. The simplest way to test is to move the script:
$ mv xlsx.js xlsx.new.js
$ make
$ diff xlsx.js xlsx.new.js
To produce the dist files, run make dist
. The dist files are updated in each
version release and should not be committed between versions.
License
Please consult the attached LICENSE file for details. All rights not explicitly
granted by the Apache 2.0 License are reserved by the Original Author.
It is the opinion of the Original Author that this code conforms to the terms of
the Microsoft Open Specifications Promise, falling under the same terms as
OpenOffice (which is governed by the Apache License v2). Given the vagaries of
the promise, the Original Author makes no legal claim that in fact end users are
protected from future actions. It is highly recommended that, for commercial
uses, you consult a lawyer before proceeding.
References
ISO/IEC 29500:2012(E) "Information technology — Document description and processing languages — Office Open XML File Formats"
OSP-covered specifications:
- [MS-XLSB]: Excel (.xlsb) Binary File Format
- [MS-XLSX]: Excel (.xlsx) Extensions to the Office Open XML SpreadsheetML File Format
- [MS-OE376]: Office Implementation Information for ECMA-376 Standards Support
- [MS-CFB]: Compound File Binary File Format
- [MS-XLS]: Excel Binary File Format (.xls) Structure Specification
- [MS-ODATA]: Open Data Protocol (OData)
- [MS-OFFCRYPTO]: Office Document Cryptography Structure
- [MS-OLEDS]: Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Data Structures
- [MS-OLEPS]: Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Property Set Data Structures
- [MS-OSHARED]: Office Common Data Types and Objects Structures
- [MS-ODRAW]: Office Drawing Binary File Format
- [MS-ODRAWXML]: Office Drawing Extensions to Office Open XML Structure
- [MS-OVBA]: Office VBA File Format Structure
- [MS-CTXLS]: Excel Custom Toolbar Binary File Format
- [MS-XLDM]: Spreadsheet Data Model File Format
- [MS-EXSPXML3]: Excel Calculation Version 2 Web Service XML Schema
- [XLS]: Microsoft Office Excel 97-2007 Binary File Format Specification
Open Document Format for Office Applications Version 1.2 (29 September 2011)
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